Frequently asked questions

Train driving is about more than operating a train. 

It plays a key role in: 

• Helping people get where they need to be – work, school/college, medical appointments, seeing friends etc. 
• Supporting local economies 
• Connecting communities across the country 
• Supporting a more sustainable way to travel, helping reduce congestion and environmental impact 

Every journey you drive contributes to keeping the railway – and the wider economy – moving. 

Train driving is a responsible and safety-critical role. 

• You’ll follow a detailed, defined schedule telling you where you need to be and what you’re doing 
• You’ll spend long periods focussed on driving 
• You’ll mostly work independently in the cab 
• You’ll respond to signals, conditions, and operational situations 

You’re also playing a key role in delivering a vital public service, helping thousands of people get to work, school, and important life events safely and on time. You’re also contributing to a transport system that helps people travel more sustainably every day. 

No - and it’s important to be honest about that.

This role suits people who:

• Are comfortable working independently
• Can stay focused for long periods
• Are disciplined about routine and rest

It may not suit people who:

• Prefer a fixed 9-5 lifestyle
• Struggle with changing routines
• Prefer constant interaction

Find out more about the skills and behaviours needed:

Essential Skills for Train Drivers

This will help you decide whether the role is a good fit for you and how to develop the skills needed to succeed.

Some people are attracted by the salary - but don’t always realise:

• How much focus and concentration is required
• The impact of shift work on lifestyle
• How structured and rule-based the role is

What people also underestimate, in a positive way

There are also some positives that aren’t always obvious at first:

• The strong sense of responsibility and trust placed in you
• The satisfaction of doing a job where safety and precision really matter
• Being part of a wider team delivering a vital public service
• The independence of the role - being able to focus on your job without constant supervision
• The pride many drivers feel in doing a role that keeps people and communities moving
• The wider impact of the role, including supporting a more sustainable way for people to travel

For many drivers, these are the things that make the job rewarding long-term - not just the pay.

Yes - it requires:

• Long periods of concentration
• Strong discipline and focus
• The ability to work shifts

You’ll also need to manage your rest and be responsible for turning up fit to work.

This level of responsibility reflects the importance of the role - safely transporting large numbers of people every day.

No - but it does involve working independently at times.

You’ll spend long periods alone in the cab, but you’ll also regularly interact with:

• On-board staff
• Signallers and control teams
• Colleagues when booking on, during breaks, and at depots

Many drivers describe a strong sense of connection - often called the “railway family.”

Train drivers work shifts across a 24-hour railway.

• Average: around 35 hours per week
• Shifts: typically 6-11 hours, with a maximum of 12 hours
• You’ll work:
  • Early mornings
  • Evenings and nights
  • Weekends and bank holidays

While the average working week is around 35 hours, individual working days can sometimes be long - particularly when you factor in preparation time and travel to and from your depot. However, rosters are designed to balance this out, with rest days built in so that your overall working time is maintained and you have time to recover between shifts.

Shift work is one of the biggest lifestyle differences compared to many other jobs.

The benefits

• Often a 4-day working week
• More days off together
• Flexibility to do things during quieter times
• Variety in your working pattern

The challenges

• Early starts or late finishes
• Working weekends and holidays
• Changing routines and sleep patterns

Because of this, drivers need to:

• Manage their rest and sleep carefully
• Stay disciplined with their routine

Shift work suits some people very well - but not everyone. It’s important to be honest about whether it works for your lifestyle.

Yes - train driving is a safety-critical role, so there are strict rules in place.

• You must be fit for duty at all times
• There are clear drugs and alcohol policies
• You may be subject to testing

This is about keeping everyone safe - including you.

What this means in practice

For most drivers, this becomes a normal part of the job - but it does require some lifestyle choices.

• You may need to miss nights out or social events before early shifts
• You’ll need to be confident about saying no to alcohol or substances when you’re due on duty
• There can be situations where you need to resist peer pressure and make responsible decisions

This doesn’t mean you can’t have a social life - but it does mean planning ahead and managing your time responsibly.

Most drivers adjust to this quickly, and it becomes part of their routine.

Pay depends on the company, location, and type of services.

• Trainee drivers: £27,000-£34,000
• Newly qualified drivers: £45,000-£55,000
• Fully qualified drivers: £60,000-£77,000+

It’s a well-paid role - but there’s a reason for that

Train driving is a safety-critical, high-responsibility role, where you are responsible for the safety of large numbers of passengers and the safe operation of trains.

The salary reflects:

• The level of responsibility
• The need for sustained concentration and discipline
• The demands of shift work and lifestyle

Thinking of applying?

It’s absolutely fine to be motivated by the salary - but it shouldn’t be the only reason.

Selectors are experienced at identifying candidates who are:

• Genuinely suited to the role
• Interested in the responsibility and nature of the work
• Motivated by more than just pay

The strongest candidates show an understanding of:

• What the job involves day-to-day
• The skills and behaviours required
• The responsibility that comes with the role

Yes - you can apply straight from school or college, and some train companies accept applications from under 18s.

You won’t always start training immediately though:

• You need to be at least 17 years and 6 months to begin a Level 3 Train Driver Apprenticeship, but realistically the earliest you can start training is around 17 years and 9 months
• Some companies may choose to start you at 18 instead

If you leave school after Year 11, you can legally do so at 16 - but you must stay in education, employment or training until you’re 18.

At the same time, you may need to wait before starting train driver training - most people won’t start training until around 17 years 9 months or 18, depending on the company.

This means there’s often a gap of up to 1-2 years between leaving school and starting a driver role.

How to use this time well

This period is a great opportunity to build the skills that train companies look for, such as:

• Concentration and focus
• Responsibility and reliability
• Communication skills
• Working under pressure
• Following rules and procedures

Good options to consider

You could spend this time:

• Studying at college
• Taking part in a rail or skills-based course
• Starting an apprenticeship
• Gaining work experience, especially in customer-facing or safety-focused roles

Explore recommended courses and pathways here:

Access courses page

These pathways can help you:

• Build confidence and real-world experience
• Develop the behaviours needed for the role
• Strengthen your application when you’re ready to apply

In most cases, no - you don’t need formal qualifications to apply.

Train companies usually focus more on your skills, behaviour, and potential than academic results.

So what about English and Maths?

• Some companies do ask for Level 2 English and Maths, GCSE grade 4/C or equivalent
• Many don’t require these at the start
• If you don’t already have them, you may be supported to complete them during training

What matters most?

Employers are mainly looking for people who:

• Can stay focused and follow rules
• Are reliable and responsible
• Are willing to learn and develop

No - experience isn’t required.

Many applicants, especially younger people, won’t have much work experience yet. What matters most is your:

• Willingness to learn
• Attitude and reliability
• Ability to develop new skills

How can I build relevant experience?

Even though it’s not required, there are ways to build experience that can help strengthen your application and confidence.

You could gain experience through:

• Customer-facing roles, e.g. retail or hospitality
• Roles involving responsibility or safety awareness
• College courses or apprenticeships
• Volunteering or other practical experiences

These help you develop key skills such as:

• Following procedures
• Communicating clearly
• Staying calm under pressure
• Taking responsibility for your actions

If you’re not sure what to do next, you can explore structured routes that help you build these skills.

Explore recommended courses, apprenticeships and early career options here:

Start your journey into rail

These pathways are designed to help you:

• Build confidence and real-world experience
• Develop the right behaviours for the role
• Strengthen your application when you’re ready to apply

You can also learn more about the key behaviours needed here:

Essential Skills for Train Drivers

They’re looking for people who are:

• Reliable and responsible
• Focused and safety-aware
• Willing to learn
• Positive in their attitude

These qualities are important because train drivers are trusted to safely move large numbers of people every day as part of a wider public service.

You can also learn more about the key behaviours needed here:

Essential Skills for Train Drivers

Not at all.

Many people, especially young people, feel:

• Less confident starting work
• Nervous about responsibility
• Unsure in new environments

Train operators understand this and will support you as you build confidence.

• Yes - especially early in your career.
• You may receive:
  • Regular check-ins
  • Support from managers and trainers
  • Mentoring or buddy support

Rail is a highly team-based environment, even in roles that involve working independently. You’ll be part of a wider network of colleagues working together to deliver a safe and reliable service.

Train driver roles are highly competitive, with many applicants for each vacancy.

The selection process usually includes:

• An application form
• Psychometric assessments
• Interviews
• Medical and safety checks

How you can prepare

The good news is that you won’t be going in blind.

• Most train companies provide practice materials for the psychometric assessments
• These help you understand what the tests involve and how to approach them

You can also improve your chances by developing the essential skills needed for the role.

Find out more here:

Essential Skills for Train Drivers

This will help you understand:

• What the role really requires
• How to build the right skills and behaviours
• How to prepare effectively for the selection process

Training length varies depending on the company, routes, and types of trains.

• In some simpler operations, it can take around 6 months
• Most training programmes take 9 to 18 months
• In more complex cases, it can take up to 2 years

It’s a longer training period - but you’re supported

Train driver training is a significant commitment, and it can feel like a long time - but there are important benefits:

• You’ll earn a competitive salary while you train
• Your training is fully funded by your employer
• You’ll usually receive additional benefits such as free or discounted rail travel

Throughout this time, you’ll be supported by:

• Experienced trainers and instructors
• Structured learning programmes, often through an apprenticeship
• Ongoing feedback to help you progress

This is an investment in building the skills, knowledge, and judgement needed to do a high-responsibility, safety-critical role.

Training includes a mix of classroom, practical, and real-world learning designed to prepare you for a safety-critical role.

There is increasing focus on:

• Active, hands-on learning methods alongside theory
• The use of modern train simulators and digital learning technologies
• Working in training groups where you can learn from others and share experience

A high-quality, supportive learning experience

Train driver training is widely recognised as a structured and well-supported programme, often delivered as part of a Level 3 apprenticeship.

You’ll benefit from:

• Experienced driver instructors and trainers who are passionate about developing new drivers
• Regular feedback and coaching to help you progress
• A clear pathway from learning to full competence

Training increasingly uses:

• Full-cab simulators to practise real-life scenarios safely
• Scenario-based learning to build judgement and decision-making
• A blend of classroom, practical, and independent study

Support throughout your training

You won’t be expected to do it alone.

• Trainers and instructors will guide you step by step
• You’ll be supported through assessments and milestones
• Apprenticeships provide a structured framework for learning and development

The aim is not just to help you pass - but to build the confidence, skills, and professional judgement needed to do the job safely and effectively.

You should expect:

• Clear and honest communication
• Support during training
• Opportunities to develop your skills
• A respectful and inclusive environment

You’ll also be part of an industry that provides a vital service to communities across the country, connecting people, supporting the economy, and enabling more sustainable travel.

Yes - learning doesn’t stop once you qualify.

You’ll continue to:

• Learn new routes and trains
• Keep your skills up to date
• Take part in ongoing professional development

Ongoing responsibility

As a train driver, you are responsible for maintaining and developing your competence throughout your career.

While you’ll be supported by your employer, you’ll also need to:

• Stay up to date with rules and procedures
• Reflect on your own performance
• Learn from the situations you encounter on the job

Much of your development comes from:

• Dealing with day-to-day operations
• Responding to unexpected situations
• Building confidence through applying your training in real-life scenarios

This isn’t just about time - it’s about how you apply what you’ve learned and continue to develop your judgement and skills.

There are a wide range of progression opportunities if you want to develop your career beyond driving.

You can move into roles such as:

• Instructor or trainer, supporting new drivers
• Management roles within operations
• Operations standards roles, e.g. safety, performance, or training standards

You can also progress into senior leadership roles over time.

In fact, many people in senior positions across the rail industry - including operations directors and managing directors - started their careers as train drivers.

How progression works

Progression is typically based on:

• Building experience
• Developing specialist knowledge
• Taking on additional responsibilities

There are also opportunities to:

• Learn new routes and traction
• Get involved in projects and improvement work
• Move into different areas of the business

Over time, this can open up a wide range of career paths across the railway.

Yes - many people start their careers in roles such as:

• Station roles
• Customer service
• Conductor or onboard roles
• Revenue protection

These roles are valuable careers in their own right, not just a route into train driving.

They play a vital part in keeping the railway running safely and helping passengers every day. Many people build long and rewarding careers in these roles without becoming drivers.

Why consider these roles?

They give you the chance to:

• Make a real difference to people’s journeys
• Be part of a team that keeps the railway moving
• Develop important skills like communication, safety awareness, and decision-making

They can also help you gain experience if you later decide to apply for train driving - but that’s just one of many possible career paths in rail.

The railway is a public service, and every role contributes to connecting communities, supporting the economy, helping people get where they need to be, and enabling a more sustainable way to travel.